How a Domain Name Gets Hijacked and How to Protect it

Domain hijacking is a process by which Internet Domain Names are stolen from its legitimate owners. Before we can proceed to know how to hijack domain names, it is necessary to understand how the domain names operate and how they get associated with a particular web server.
The Operation of a Domain Name:
Any website say for example 123.com consists of two parts. The domain name 123.com and the web hosting server where the files of the website are actually hosted. In reality, the domain name and the web hosting server are two different parts and hence they must be integrated before a website can operate successfully. The integration of domain name with the web hosting server is done as follows:
1. After registering a new domain name, we get a Cpanel where in we can have a full control of the domain.
2. From this domain Cpanel, we point our domain name to the web server where the website’s data are actually hosted.
For a clear understanding let me take up a small example:
John registers a new domain called 123.com from an X domain registration company. He also purchases a hosting plan from Y hosting company. He uploads all of his files .html, .php, javascripts etc. to his web server at Y. From the domain control panel of X he configures his domain name 123.com to point to his web server of Y. Now, whenever an Internet user types 123.com, the domain name 123.com is resolved to the target web server and the web page is displayed. This is how a website actually works.
What Happens When a Domain Name Gets Hijacked?
Now, let us see what happens when a domain name gets hijacked. To hijack a domain name, you just need to gain access to the domain Cpanel and point the domain name to some other web server other than the original one. So, to hijack a domain you need not gain access to the target web server. For example, a hacker gets access to the domain Cpanel of 123.com. From here the hacker re-configures the domain name to point it to some other web server Z. Now whenever an Internet user tries to access 123.com he is taken to the hacker’s website Z and not to John’s original site Y. In this case the John’s domain name 123.com is said to be hijacked.
How the Domain Names are Hijacked?
To hijack a domain name, it is necessary to gain access to the domain Cpanel of the target domain. For this you need the following ingredients:
1. The domain registrar name for the target domain.
2. The administrative email address associated with the target domain.
These information can be obtained by accessing the WHOIS data of the target domain. To get access to the WHOIS data, go to whois.domaintools.com, enter the target domain name and click on Lookup and you’ll see Whois Record. Under this, you’ll get the administrative contact email address. To get the domain registrar name, look for the words something like: Registered through:: XYZ Company. Here XYZ Company is the domain registrar. In case if you do not find this, scroll up and you’ll see ICANN Registrar under the Registry Data. In this case, the ICANN registrar is the actual domain registrar. The administrative email address associated with the domain is the backdoor to hijack the domain name. It is the key to unlock the domain control panel. So, to take full control of the domain, the hacker will have to hack the administrative email associated with it. Email hacking has been discussed in my earlier post How to hack Into Emails Using Kali Linux
Once the hacker takes full control of this email account, he will visit the domain registrar’s website and click on forgot password in the login page. There, he will be asked to enter either the domain name or the administrative email address to initiate the password reset process. Once this is done, all the details to reset the password will be sent to the administrative email address. Since the hacker has the access to this email account, he can easily reset the password of domain control panel. After resetting the password, he logs into the control panel with the new password and from there he can hijack the domain within minutes.
How to Protect the Domain Name from Getting Hijacked?
The best way to protect the domain name is to protect the administrative email account associated with the domain. If you loose this email account, you loose your domain. Another best way to protect your domain is to go for a private domain registration. When you register a domain name using the private registration option, all your personal details such as your name, address, phone and administrative email address are hidden from the public.